探索微波加工的潜力,以提高液体牛奶的微生物安全性和营养质量
Yaxin Huang1, Yuan Tao1, Huayu Yang2
1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
|September 9, 2025
概括
微波 (MW) 处理有效地使牛奶中的微生物无活化,与传统的热 (CT) 方法相比,保留了更多的酶和乳清蛋白,如乳酸. 这表明MW是一个有前途的替代方案,用于更安全,更有营养的牛奶生产.
科学领域:
- 食品科学与技术 食品科学与技术
- 乳制品加工 乳制品加工
- 食品微生物学 食品微生物学
背景情况:
- 传统的热处理 (CT) 是牛奶安全的标准,但可以降低营养和功能成分.
- 微波 (MW) 处理提供快速加热,可能最大限度地减少对牛奶有价值成分的损害.
- 了解MW和CT的比较影响对于优化牛奶加工技术至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地比较MW和CT加工对牛奶的影响.
- 评估微生物无活化,酶活性,蛋白质保留和营养特征.
- 评估对蛋白质消化能力和生物活性释放的影响.
主要方法:
- 牛奶在巴氏杀菌 (70°C20秒) 和UHT绝育条件下使用MW和CT进行加工.
- 微生物对大肠杆菌,金黄色杆菌和沙门氏菌的无活化. 进行了评估.
- 分析了酶活性 (乳糖氧化酶),乳清蛋白保留 (乳糖,β-乳糖球蛋白),蛋白质消化能力,生物活性释放和细胞活力.
主要成果:
- 无论是MW还是CT都实现了显著的微生物减少 (>4log CFU/mL),符合安全标准.
- 与CT相比,MW处理保留了12.9%更高的乳酸氧化酶活性,并改善了乳酸铁素保留率~12%.
- 在消化后,MW加工增强了蛋白质的消化能力,并保持了高肠道上皮细胞活力.
结论:
- 微波加工是一种有效的替代传统的热方法,用于牛奶处理.
- 兆瓦加工提供了优越的牛奶酶和蛋白质营养质量的保存.
- 兆瓦技术显示出提高生产中的牛奶安全性,蛋白质保留和功能性质的潜力.
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