系统审查和元分析:土著儿童中神经发育障碍的患病率
Stuart C Lau1, Natalie M Czuczman2, Liz Dennett1
1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
JAACAP open
|September 9, 2025
概括
流行病学数据显示,在某些国家,土著儿童和非土著儿童之间,注意力缺陷/多动症或自闭症谱系障碍的患病率没有显著差异. 需要进一步的研究来了解土著儿童的神经发育障碍负担.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 神经发育障碍 (NDD) 是一个重要的全球健康问题.
- 了解土著儿童中NDD的患病率至关重要,特别是在具有共同殖民历史的国家.
- 现有的关于土著人口中NDD患病率的研究往往有限,需要综合.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和总结有关土著儿童与非土著儿童相比NDD患病率的流行病学证据.
- 分析来自澳大利亚,加拿大,新西兰和美国的数据.
- 确定研究缺口,并为未来的流行病学研究提供信息.
主要方法:
- 对五个电子数据库进行了全面的系统搜索.
- 包括评估土著和非土著儿童中NDD患病率的研究.
- 随机效应的元分析被用来计算各种NDD的聚合概率比率 (pOR).
主要成果:
- 包括12项研究,在大多数研究设计中都注意到中高风险的偏见.
- 在美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民 (AI/AN) 和白人儿童之间,注意力缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 患病率没有显著差异.
- 在澳大利亚原住民和非原住民儿童之间没有发现自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 患病率的显著差异;然而,在非土著加拿大儿童中发现了更高的ASD患病率.
- 一些证据表明,澳大利亚,新西兰和美国的土著儿童的智力障碍负担更高,AI / AN儿童的特定学习障碍.
结论:
- 有限的证据表明,土著和非土著儿童之间的特定NDD的潜在流行率差异.
- 这些发现强调了需要更多的流行病学研究,包括土著的观点.
- 进一步的研究是必要的,以准确评估在土著儿童中NDDs的负担.
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