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相关概念视频

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

1.6K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

155
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
155
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

228
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
228
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

229
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
229
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

238
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
238
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

190
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
190

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 7, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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不恰当的药物使用和与多药在手术患者的关联:回顾性,基于人口的队列研究.

Freyja Jónsdóttir1,2, Anna B Blöndal1,3, Aðalsteinn Guðmundsson4,5

  • 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
|September 9, 2025
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概括

在老年手术患者中,潜在的不适当的药物使用是常见的,特别是那些具有多种药物的手术患者. 这增加了伤害,死亡和更长时间住院的风险,突出了需要药物审查的必要性.

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Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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科学领域:

  • 老年医学 老年医学
  • 手术护理 手术护理
  • 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.

背景情况:

  • 评估老年外科病人的潜在不合适药物使用 (PIM) 的流行率和发病率.
  • 在这个人口群体中调查PIM使用和多药之间的关联.

研究的目的:

  • 确定在接受手术的老年患者中使用PIM的流行率和发病率.
  • 检查PIM使用与不同级别的多药 (非多药,多药,超多药) 之间的关系.
  • 确定PIM使用的风险因素及其对术后结果的影响.

主要方法:

  • 对65岁以上的患者进行了回顾性,基于人口的队列研究,他们接受了第一次手术.
  • 2005年至2018年间从冰岛国家大学医院Landspitali收集的数据.
  • 按药物的使用分类的患者 (非多药<5,多药5-9,超多药≥10) 手术前和后. 根据2019年酒标准评估的PIM使用情况.

主要成果:

  • 分析了17,198例外科住院病例,53.8%为女性,年龄中位数为75岁.
  • PIM的流行率: 36.6% (非多药), 80.2% (多药), 95.8% (超多药).
  • 38.5%的新PIM在手术后使用. 风险因素:女性性别,并发症,先前多剂量开放.
  • 使用PIM与更高的与药物相关的危害,30天死亡率 (5.2%对0.3%),更长的住院时间和30天再入院的增加有关.

结论:

  • 潜在不适当的药物使用非常普遍,并且与老年手术患者的多药/超多药密切相关.
  • 使用PIM的患者的不良结果,包括与药物相关的伤害,死亡率和延长住院时间,显著增加.
  • 手术性住院是药物审查,处方停止和规划减轻与药物相关的危害的关键机会.