基于CT图像的YOLOv12算法辅助检测和分类侧向小骨突破和亚骨骨基:多中心研究:多中心研究
Jiayi Liu1, Peng Sun2, Yousheng Yuan1
1Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
JMIR medical informatics
|September 9, 2025
概括
一个深层卷积神经网络 (DCNN),YOLOv12,在CT扫描上有效地区分了侧面骨突起骨折 (LMAF) 和亚骨骨 (SFOs). 这种人工智能模型显著优于仅使用CT的放射科医生,在这些具有挑战性的诊断中接近基于MRI的准确性.
科学领域:
- 肌肉骨放射学 肌肉骨放射学
- 医疗成像中的人工智能
- 用于骨折检测的深度学习.
背景情况:
- 侧骨突破 (LMAFs) 和骨骨 (SFOs) 是不同的实体,具有相似的成像外观,使诊断和治疗复杂化.
- 仅仅使用计算机断层扫描 (CT) 来区分LMAF和SFO对于放射科医生来说是一个挑战,尽管磁共振成像 (MRI) 是黄金标准.
- 深度卷积神经网络 (DCNNs) 显示出肌肉骨诊断的潜力,但需要强有力的证据来区分LMAF和SFO.
研究的目的:
- 评估包括YOLOv12在内的最先进DCNN的性能,用于CT图像中检测和分类LMAF和SFO.
- 将这些DCNN的诊断能力与放射科医生仅解释CT扫描的诊断能力进行比较,使用MRI作为黄金标准.
- 评估AI在改善基于CT的LMAF和SFO差异化方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 1918年患者CT扫描的回顾性分析 (LMAF: n=1253,SFO: n=665) 用MRI作为黄金标准.
- 在CT图像上训练和评估四个DCNN模型 (更快的R-CNN,SSD,RetinaNet,YOLOv12),随机分为训练,验证和外部测试集.
- 将表现最好的DCNN模型与两位经验丰富的肌肉骨放射科医生进行比较,他们用mAP50和AUC等指标解释了外部测试集 (n=350).
主要成果:
- YOLOv12表现出卓越的性能,在外部测试组中达到92.1%的mAP50和0.983的AUC,显著超过其他DCNNs.
- 仅对CT进行解读的放射科医生表现中等 (精度~70-75%),而YOLOv12接近基于MRI的参考性能 (精度92.0%).
- 使用Shapley值生成的突出地图通过与专家识别的区域对齐,证实了模型的解释性.
结论:
- 对放射科医生来说,基于CT的LMAF和SFO的区分很困难,与MRI不同,MRI作为黄金标准.
- 仅CT的DCNN,YOLOv12,实现了明显更高的诊断性能,而不是仅CT读取的放射科医生.
- YOLOv12显示出相当大的潜力,可以帮助LMAF和SFO基于CT的决策,特别是当MRI无法或有限时.
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