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选择和拒绝匹配样本和刺激等价性的有条件控制

Elberto A Plazas¹, Juan Carlos Forigua¹

¹Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

|September 9, 2025

概括

这项关于匹配样本 (MTS) 培训的研究发现,教导"选择"和"拒绝"关系 (分离MTS) 更有效地建立了真正的等价类,而不是只教导"选择"关系. 这表明,在等价性形成的基础上存在不同的过程.

科学领域:

行为心理学行为心理学
学习理论学习理论
刺激控制控制刺激

背景情况:

等价关系是行为心理学中的一个关键概念,证明了任意刺激如何形成类.
标准匹配到样本 (MTS) 程序通常用于建立这些关系.
卡里根和西德曼 (1992) 假设MTS培训仅依赖于获得特定的条件关系.

研究的目的:

测试卡里根和西德曼 (1992) 关于在MTS中出现等价关系的假设.
区分导致等效形成的过程.
调查选择和拒绝条件关系在MTS培训中的作用.

主要方法:

四组参与者接受了不同的培训条件:标准的MTS,独家选择关系,独家拒绝关系和独立的MTS (选择和拒绝关系).
参与者对等价关系的属性进行了测试 (反射性,对称性,过渡性/等价性).
在测试期间引入了新的刺激来评估刺激控制.

主要成果:

在独立的MTS组中,等价的出现明显更频繁.
标准MTS组的参与者证明了同等性,他们显示了与新兴刺激的测试结果,与脱离MTS组更相似.
结果表明,独家选择控制可能会导致伪等价性,而联合选择和拒绝控制可以促进真实等价性类.

结论:

标准的MTS程序似乎更可靠地促进了对等级的真实形成.
符合同等性标准可能会掩盖不同的基础过程:伪同等性和真实同等性等级形成.
有效的等效类形成可能取决于选择和拒绝条件控制.

关键词:

有条件的控制条件控制.对样本进行匹配.拒绝关系,拒绝关系.选择关系选择关系刺激的相当性是刺激的等价性.

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