承认被忽视的:重新思考自闭症谱系障碍女孩的症状表现
Ayşe Mete Yeşil1,2, H Ceren İskender2, Ebru Cihan Çam2
1Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
The Turkish journal of pediatrics
|September 9, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的女孩在转诊时表现出更严重的症状,这表明在较轻的病例中,诊断可能会延迟. 这影响了女孩自闭症的早期干预.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 临床儿科 临床儿科
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 在男孩中比女孩更频繁地被诊断出来.
- 症状表现和转诊模式的性别差异可能解释了这种差异.
- 在学龄前儿童中研究自闭症症状的性别特异性变异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查所述学龄前儿童的ASD症状严重程度和临床表现的性别相关差异.
- 确定疑似ASD的男孩和女孩之间的非语言沟通和社交交互症状如何不同.
主要方法:
- 包括125名被怀疑患有自闭症的儿童 (2-5岁) (103名男孩,22名女孩).
- 使用童年自闭症评分表 (CARS) 来评估自闭症症状.
- 在提出投诉,非语言沟通和社交互动方面分析了性别特异性差异.
主要成果:
- 女孩的平均年龄 (28个月) 比男孩的平均年龄 (33个月) 更小.
- 在最小症状组中,女孩的CARS分数更高,特别是在非语言沟通和社交互动领域.
- 重症组的女孩在特定领域的症状得分也更高,评估年龄和症状严重程度之间有显著的相关性,特别是在女孩身上.
结论:
- 女孩可能在临床转诊时表现出更明显的ASD症状.
- 这表明,对于具有较轻微ASD概况的女孩来说,错过或延迟诊断的风险较大.
- 早期识别女孩的自闭症需要注意潜在的不同症状呈现.
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