在早产的不同阶段出生的早产儿的认知困难背后有着不同的神经机制
Samson Nivins1, Nelly Padilla1, Hedvig Kvanta1
1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
NeuroImage. Clinical
|September 9, 2025
概括
过早出生与大脑差异和较低的认知表现有关. 这些大脑变化可能表明补偿机制,这表明针对性干预对早产儿至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 过早分娩是一个重要的全球健康问题,影响神经发育.
- 了解早产的长期神经后果对于早期干预至关重要.
- 儿童的认知表现是神经发育结果的关键指标.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究低认知能力和早产儿的大脑结构/网络差异之间的关系.
- 为了比较非常早产,中度早产和满产的儿童的大脑变化.
- 为了确定这些大脑变化是否预测自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 或注意力缺陷/多动性障碍 (ADHD) 症状在儿童时期晚些时候.
主要方法:
- 长度基于人口的研究,使用来自ABCD研究的数据.
- 对9-10岁的儿童进行了脑成像 (皮层厚度,皮层下体积) 和认知评估 (NIH工具箱).
- 分析了结构共变网络,以检查大脑连接模式.
主要成果:
- 较低的认知表现在非常早产 (29.6%) 和中度早产 (24.0%) 儿童中比在满期 (16.2%) 儿童中更为常见.
- 非常早产的儿童的认知能力较低,表现出较薄的下皮和状环,以及较大的桃体体积.
- 具有较低认知能力的中度早产儿表现出较小的海马体积.
- 结构共变网络分析表明早产儿的连接性发生变化,可能与ASD/ADHD症状有关.
结论:
- 具有低认知能力的早产儿表现出明显的区域和网络级大脑差异,因早产程度而异.
- 观察到的大脑网络的改变可能代表补偿机制.
- 调查结果强调需要专门针对早产人口需求的干预措施.
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