红细胞大小的不同趋势阐明了茎恐龙和鱼中的心血管进化
Paul Joseph Byrne1,2, Lucas J Legendre3, Scott Echols4
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|September 9, 2025
概括
化石骨结构揭示了红细胞 (RBC) 尺寸进化在类动物. 鸟类类的类动物进化了较小的红细胞,而鱼类的类动物增加了红细胞大小,影响了有氧能力.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
背景情况:
- 红细胞大小会影响气体扩散和有氧能力.
- 鸟类的红细胞很小,为持续的运动提供高氧扩散.
- 由于缺乏化石红细胞,阿尔科索亚的心血管进化不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究中生代鱼系和鸟系类的不同心血管进化.
- 为了确定化石红细胞大小指标和系系学是否支持不同的进化模式.
- 为了将红细胞大小的变化与类动物血统中的生理适应联系起来.
主要方法:
- 在化石骨微观结构上利用了血管-腔组织测量.
- 在已灭绝的和现存的四足动物中应用了家族遗传学分析来回顾红细胞大小.
- 分析了20种灭绝的四足动物和20种现存的四足动物的数据集.
主要成果:
- 红细胞大小在类动物*Prolacerta*和鸟类类动物 (Avemetatarsalia) 中减少.
- 鱼系的鱼类 (Pseudosuchia) 呈现出红细胞大小的增加,特别是那些适应水生环境的鱼类.
- 在鸟类线和鱼线的类动物之间发现了明显的红细胞大小趋势.
结论:
- 化石化微血管指标提供了对已灭绝的红细胞大小和心血管演变的见解.
- 在类动物中,RBC大小的不同演变与现存血统中对比的有氧能力相关.
- 这些发现为探索类动物进化过程中的生理学假设提供了基础.
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