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西班牙年轻人遵守地中海饮食的趋势:系统审查和元分析
Sofía Alfaro-González1, Miriam Garrido-Miguel2, Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez3
1Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, 16071, Spain.
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
|September 9, 2025
概括
年轻的西班牙人对地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 的坚持程度下降,较低的坚持率增加. 这一趋势凸显了加强公共卫生倡议的必要性,以促进年轻人健康饮食习惯.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 年轻人越来越多地采用不健康的饮食.
- 减少对地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 的坚持与肥胖等慢性疾病有关.
- 了解年轻人遵守MedDiet的趋势对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从2004年到2023年,系统地审查西班牙青年 (2-24岁) 遵守MedDiet的流行率和趋势.
- 综合现有的关于西班牙年轻人口中MedDiet坚持模式的文献.
- 为了识别随着时间的推移对MedDiet坚持的变化.
主要方法:
- 观察性和纵向研究的系统审查.
- 包括70项研究,共84,281名参与者.
- 使用儿童和青少年的地中海饮食质量指数 (KIDMED) 评估MedDiet的坚持,分为低,中或高.
主要成果:
- 总的综合患病率:38%高,51%中等,11%低 坚持MedDiet.
- 从2011-2014年到2019-2023年观察到高坚持度的下降和低坚持度的增加.
- 在KIDMED得分和BMI,年龄或数据收集年份之间没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 这些发现强调了年轻西班牙人的MedDiet坚持程度下降.
- 加强举措,如教育干预,对于改善青少年的MedDiet坚持至关重要.
- 进一步的研究可以探索影响MedDiet坚持的社会经济因素.
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