在认知障碍和痴呆症中的视网膜生物标志物:结构,功能和分子洞察力
Yan Min1, Hongyu Zhou1,2, Zixiao Li1,2,3
1Department of Neurology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|September 10, 2025
概括
视网膜生物标志物显示出早期检测认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的前途. 需要进一步验证以克服临床使用的翻译差距.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 神经学 神经学
- 生物标志物发现发现
背景情况:
- 认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 构成了全球卫生挑战,需要早期的,非侵入性的诊断工具.
- 视网膜作为中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的延伸,为大脑病理学提供了一个独特的窗口.
- 视网膜的结构,功能和分子变化可能是神经退行性疾病的早期指标.
研究的目的:
- 对视网膜生物标志物的跨学科证据进行审查和综合,以早期检测和认知障碍和AD的风险分层.
- 探索视网膜作为脑病理诊断窗口的潜力.
- 确定视网膜生物标志物的临床转化面临的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 综合从眼科,神经学和生物标志物研究中获得的证据的综合文献综述.
- 对结构,功能和分子视网膜变化的分析.
- 评估视网膜变化与已确定的脑病理之间的相关性 (例如,粉样蛋白/粉样蛋白负担,缩,小血管疾病).
主要成果:
- 视网膜生物标志物,包括OCT/OCTA变化,眼睛运动和分子沉积物,表明特定阶段的诊断潜力,与临床前AD与痴呆相关.
- 多模式视网膜变化反映了关键的大脑病理,表明共享的潜在疾病途径.
- 存在重大转化障碍,包括方法异质性,混变量,缺乏标准化和不足的纵向验证.
结论:
- 视网膜生物标志物对认知障碍和AD的早期诊断和分期具有显著的希望.
- 通过标准化,在不同人群中严格验证和人工智能促进的翻译来解决翻译差距对于临床采用至关重要.
- 专注于强大的查和多中心验证的进一步研究对于确定视网膜生物标志物的临床实用性至关重要.
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