精英男性骑自行车运动员对高海拔和热度适应训练的血液学适应
Claes Cubel1, Magnus B Klaris1, Joakim V Larsen1
1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
季内高空训练在精英骑自行车运动员中增加了总血红蛋白质量,但这种效果是暂时的. 在海拔营后,耐力表现没有得到改善,这表明季内干预的好处有限.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 高空训练 高空训练
背景情况:
- 耐力运动员使用高空训练来提高总血红蛋白质量 (tHb 质量) 和性能.
- 之前的研究表明,运动员的基线THb质量高的结果是不同的,这引发了关于赛季高空营地的有效性的问题.
研究的目的:
- 评估精英骑自行车运动员的血液学适应性和运动表现,这些运动员在赛季内参加"直播高铁高" (LHTH) 高空营地.
- 为了比较LHTH与非季节性热适应 (HEAT) 干预的效果.
主要方法:
- 12名精英骑自行车运动员在3000米国家后锦标赛中完成了为期21天的LHTH营地.
- 7名参与者还接受了非季节性HEAT干预 (6次/周5周).
- 在干预之前,干预期间和干预后测量了血液学参数和运动表现.
主要成果:
- LHTH增加了tHb 质量 3.5% (P < 0.001),该水平在营后10天内恢复到基线水平.
- 来自LHTH的tHb质量增加与季外HEAT干预 (5.4%) 相比.
- 在LHTH后立即或10天后,没有观察到运动性能或最大氧气摄入量的改善.
结论:
- 在赛季中的LHTH训练有效地,尽管是暂时的,但在精英骑自行车运动员中增加了tHb 质量.
- 在返回海平面时,tHb 质量的快速衰减和缺乏性能提升限制了季内高空营地的好处.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化精英运动员在竞争季节的高度训练策略.
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