在两个发展中国家的儿童和成年人中肺炎球菌殖民率:一项前性横截面医院研究
Phoeung Chan Leakhena1, Shally Awasthi2, Muriel Rabilloud3
1University of Health Sciences, 73 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Vaccine
|September 10, 2025
概括
肺炎球菌殖民在柬埔寨和印度的幼儿中很常见,即使在引入肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 后. 持续监测对于指导疫苗政策和监测疾病影响至关重要.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 肺炎链球菌在5岁以下的儿童中引起显著的下呼吸道感染.
- 肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 在全球范围内降低了疾病负担,但低收入和中等收入国家的数据很少.
- 了解肺炎球菌殖民和血清型分布对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定在柬埔寨和印度的5岁以下儿童及其照顾者中肺炎球菌殖民的流行率.
- 识别循环中的肺炎球菌血清型,包括疫苗类型 (VT) 和非疫苗类型 (NVT).
- 评估PCV引入对这些地区殖民模式的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项前性,基于医院的,横截面研究招募了708对儿童和成人在柬埔寨和770在印度.
- 符合条件的儿童年龄为0-59个月,没有严重的呼吸道感染;也招募了没有呼吸道感染的护理人员.
- 采集了鼻和鼻的抽样,并使用PCR测试了肺炎性链球菌,随后对阳性样本进行了血清定型.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,肺炎球菌携带率在儿童中为30.6%,在成年人中为10.8%,在12-24个月的儿童中发病率最高.
- 疫苗接种覆盖率很高 (柬埔寨为99.2%,印度为60.3%).
- 疫苗血清型 (VT) 占儿科隔离的37.9-48%,其中血清型6A/B,19F和14是最常见的. 非疫苗血清型也很普遍,这表明血清型的替换.
结论:
- 尽管实施了PCV,肺炎球菌殖民仍然是柬埔寨和印度幼儿的重要问题.
- 无论是VT还是NVT的存在都强调了对全面监控的持续需求.
- 持续监测对于完善疫苗接种策略和管理不断变化的肺炎球菌环境至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
749
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
749
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
2.6K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.6K
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
3.4K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
3.4K
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
792
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
792
01:20Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity
1.1K
Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
1.1K
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.3K