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农业食品价值链的就业和薪酬随着结构性转型而发生变化
Jing Yi1, Shiyun Jiang2, Dianna Tran3
1Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Nature food
|September 10, 2025
概括
由于结构性转型,工人离开农业,但仍留在农业食品价值链中. 随着经济的增长,下游工作提供了更好的薪酬,特别是对于零售业的女性来说,而男性则转向中游角色,扩大了两性薪酬差距.
科学领域:
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
- 发展经济学 发展经济学
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
背景情况:
- 传统的结构性转型模型侧重于劳动力从农业转移出去.
- 这些模型忽略了农业食品价值链中的工人迁移.
- 了解链内劳动力动力学对于准确的经济分析至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在结构转型期间分析全球农业食品价值链中的劳动力重新分配.
- 调查工人补偿和性别差异如何随着经济发展而变化.
- 确定劳动力转移超出农业初级生产范围的关键驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 将多区域输入-输出表分解为行业和国家特定的劳动附加值估计.
- 将增值数据与就业数据相匹配,以计算工人的平均薪酬.
- 对1993-2021年全球经济数据的分析.
主要成果:
- 随着国家收入的上升,劳动力退出了初级农业生产.
- 下游农业食品部门保持了就业份额,并提供比农业更高的补偿.
- 女性不成比例地转移到零售/食品服务,男性转移到中游工作,增加性别薪酬不平等.
- 就业转移与人均收入增长相关,而不是农业生产率.
结论:
- 结构性转型涉及农业食品价值链内的重大内部迁移.
- 经济增长推动了下游行业的就业,改善了整体薪酬.
- 政策干预可能需要解决价值链中日益增长的性别薪酬不平等问题.
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