年龄相关的差异跳跃和冲刺的表现和力量生产能力在年轻的足球运动员
Firas Zghal1,2, Haitham Rebai3, Serge S Colson4
1Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
European journal of sport science
|September 11, 2025
概括
年轻的足球运动员在跳跃和冲刺中表现出逐渐改善的力量-速度概况,随着成熟. 这些变化突出了不同成熟阶段的独特机械特性,为最佳发展提供了有针对性的培训计划.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动 人类运动
- 儿科生理学 儿科生理学
背景情况:
- 了解成熟过程对于优化年轻运动员体育发展至关重要.
- 力量生产能力,特别是跳跃和冲刺,是足球中的关键绩效指标.
- 力量-速度 (F-V) 配置文件提供了关于力量和速度能力之间的相互作用的见解.
研究的目的:
- 评估年轻精英男性足球运动员在成熟期间跳跃和冲刺力生产能力的发育变化.
- 为了比较不同成熟度阶段的F-V概况决定因素,以确定特定的适应.
主要方法:
- 116名11-17岁的精英足球运动员被分为六个成熟状态组.
- 力量-速度 (F-V) 配置文件被评估为跳跃和冲刺表现.
- 统计分析比较了成熟度组之间的F-V概况决定因素 (例如,Hmax,VT-F0,HZT-F0 kg-1).
主要成果:
- 随着年龄的成熟,大多数跳跃和冲刺的F-V形状决定因素的显著,渐进和线性改善被观察到.
- 相对于身体质量,跳跃F-V决定因素的一些组间差异减少了.
- 在较晚的成熟阶段,冲刺表现显著改善,与增强的推进力特性相关 (HZT-F0 kg-1,HZT-Pmax kg-1).
结论:
- 年轻的足球运动员在成熟期间表现出明显的加速发展的强度和速度品质.
- 这些发现强调了考虑与每个到期阶段相关的特定机械特性的重要性.
- 教练应该根据年轻足球运动员的不同发展阶段量身定制训练计划,以提高表现.
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