空间先验影响了埃及水果蝙蝠在导航和着陆中的感觉权重
Nikita M Finger1, Keegan E Eveland1, Xiaoyan Yin1
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School for Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
The Journal of experimental biology
|September 11, 2025
概括
空间先验在导航过程中影响注意力. 蝙蝠在黑暗中更多地依赖这些先验,表明期望如何影响不同环境中的空间注意力和感官权重.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 贝叶斯导航模型包含空间先验来预测位置.
- 之前的研究探讨了导航中的空间先验,但并没有探讨感官条件的时刻对时刻的空间注意力.
- 了解空间注意力的作用对于理解各种环境中的导航至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究空间先验在埃及水果蝙蝠导航期间对空间注意力的影响.
- 为了比较导航性能和注意力分配在明亮与黑暗的环境.
- 检查感官输入 (视觉和回声定位) 如何调节空间先验的权重.
主要方法:
- 利用埃及水果蝙蝠,跟踪它们的回声定位点击来监测空间注意力.
- 通过训练蝙蝠导航到固定位,建立了空间先行者.
- 引入了不可预测的位位移,并使用高速视频和麦克风阵列记录了蝙蝠的飞行和回声定位行为.
主要成果:
- 蝙蝠在视觉条件下成功地实现了小位移 (15厘米),但在较大位移 (30厘米) 方面失败了.
- 在黑暗中 (仅用于回声定位),蝙蝠甚至在小距离移动 (15厘米) 时也无法定位杆.
- 当导航失败时,蝙蝠将声纳的注意力转向预期的位位置,表明先前驱动的注意力.
结论:
- 空间先验显著影响空间注意力,更多地依赖感官剥夺条件 (黑暗).
- 蝙蝠的导航失败类似于人类的不注意性失明,先验可以阻碍新信息的处理.
- 导航期间的感觉权重是通过空间先验根据可见信息的可用性进行差异调节的.
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