儿科重症监护室中的危急性咳感染:疫情爆发中的一系列病例
H Crichton1, N Nkado2, B Morrow3
1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
概括
婴儿的急性百日咳的死亡率很高,特别是在未免疫的情况下. 怀孕期间接种疫苗和加强免疫计划对于减少严重的Bordetella pertussis感染至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 关键护理医学 关键护理医学
- 公共卫生与流行病学
背景情况:
- Bordetella pertussis 导致高度传染性疾病,婴儿死亡率很高.
- 关键性咳是由儿科重症监护室 (PICU) 的入院或死亡定义的.
研究的目的:
- 描述南非儿童关键性咳的临床特征,发病率,死亡率和治疗方法.
- 在资源有限的环境中识别风险因素和结果.
主要方法:
- 在一年内 (2022年1月至2022年12月) 接受PICU治疗的儿童的回顾性分析.
- 分析包括19名婴儿检测阳性B. pertussis.
主要成果:
- 百日咳占PICU入院的1.5%;68.4%的感染婴儿没有接种疫苗.
- 死亡率为36.8%,艾滋病毒暴露和早产婴儿以及患有败血症或急性损伤的婴儿的死亡率更高.
- 观察到高白细胞症,幸存者白细胞数量较低.
结论:
- 危急的B. pertussis感染导致该人口的大量发病率和死亡率.
- 低疫苗接种率是一个问题,需要改善对母婴免疫接种的准入.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解在资源有限的环境中关键性咳的流行率和风险因素.
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