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相关概念视频

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
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局部麻醉和嗅觉能力:一个试点研究

Maxime Fieux1,2,3,4, Esther Wang5, David T Liu4

  • 1Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud Service D'ORL, D'otoneurochirurgie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale Lyon France.

Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology
|September 11, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

局部麻醉 (TA) 暂时损害嗅觉功能,根据宾夕法尼亚大学气味识别测试 (UPSIT) 的测量. 在健康的志愿者中,TA经鼻服后10分钟内,嗅觉能力完全恢复.

关键词:
嗅觉障碍 嗅觉障碍 嗅觉障碍嗅觉上的损失.味道 味道 味道 味道 味道治疗药物 治疗药物局部麻醉局部麻醉

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Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 麻醉学 麻醉学

背景情况:

  • 局部麻醉 (TA) 通常用于在鼻内镜检查期间为患者提供舒适.
  • 对TA对嗅觉功能的影响持续时间尚未确立,这影响了嗅觉测试的时间.
  • 准确的嗅觉评估需要了解TA的影响何时消退.

研究的目的:

  • 为了确定在健康志愿者中注射鼻内TA后嗅觉能力恢复的时间进程.
  • 为了确定TA应用后嗅觉测试的最佳窗口.

主要方法:

  • 一项前性,单中心试点研究,涉及30名健康志愿者.
  • 使用宾夕法尼亚大学气味识别测试 (UPSIT) 在基线和TA后的三个时间点评估嗅觉功能:立即 (T0),10分钟 (T+10) 和30分钟 (T+30).
  • 统计分析包括配对的t测试来比较跨时间点的UPSIT分数.

主要成果:

  • 在TA (T0) 给药后立即,UPSIT得分明显低于基线,表明嗅觉功能受损.
  • 通过UPSIT得分测量的嗅觉功能在10分钟标记 (T+10) 时显著恢复,与基线没有显著差异.
  • 30分钟后的UPSIT分数 (T+30) 也与基线没有显著差异,证实了嗅觉恢复.

结论:

  • 内鼻局部麻醉在服用后立即显著损害嗅觉功能.
  • 嗅觉能力在TA应用后的10分钟内完全恢复,允许进行准确的嗅觉测试.
  • 这些发现为涉及TA的鼻腔手术后的嗅觉评估提供了关键的时间指导.