美国儿童与财富背景:根据家庭类型的差异
1Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Journal of marriage and the family
|September 11, 2025
概括
有孩子的家庭比老年人或没有孩子的家庭更面临财富不平等和贫困. 疫情时代的政策改善了儿童家庭财富,表明财富差距并非不可改变.
科学领域:
- 社会经济学 社会经济学
- 家庭经济学 家庭经济学
- 财富不平等研究 财富不平等研究
背景情况:
- 儿童家庭的收入贫困率高于老年人或工作年龄的成年人.
- 家庭类型 (儿童,老年人,无子女) 的财富和财富剥夺的比较尚未得到充分研究.
- 了解这些财富差异凸显了有孩子的家庭的独特脆弱性,为金融稳定政策提供了信息.
研究的目的:
- 调查在有孩子的家庭中观察到的财富差异是否延伸到老年人和没有孩子的家庭.
- 为了在不同的家庭结构中比较财富不平等,财产和净资产贫困.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自消费者财务调查 (1989-2022) 的数据,这是对家庭财富的全国代表性调查 (N = 58,148).
- 分析了财富不平等,财富占有和净资产贫困的趋势.
- 对比了三种家庭类型:有孩子的非老年人,没有孩子的非老年人以及老年家庭.
主要成果:
- 与没有孩子和老年家庭相比,有孩子的家庭表现出更高的财富不平等,更低的财富水平,和增加的净资产贫困.
- 在有孩子的家庭和老年家庭之间存在显著的财富差异,儿童家庭拥有更少的财富.
- 这些财富差异随着时间的推移而扩大,在20世纪20年代初观察到的差距显著缩小.
结论:
- 财富,与收入相似,在其他群体相比,给有孩子的家庭带来了不利的经济环境.
- 疫情期间政府的干预与富裕增加和儿童家庭净资产贫困减少有关.
- 这些发现表明,有孩子的家庭的财富环境是可塑的,可以通过政策干预来影响.
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