不同训练负载参数对足球运动员身体性能适应的影响:复杂的强度如何影响适应的程度
1College of physical education and health, Geely University of China, 641423 Chengdu, China.
Journal of sports science & medicine
|September 11, 2025
概括
内部负载监测 (session-RPE,TRIMP) 最好预测年轻足球运动员的有氧健身增长. 诸如超高速跑 (VHSR) 这样的外部负载指标是改善无氧冲刺表现的关键,指导训练策略.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 足球表现分析 足球表现分析
背景情况:
- 了解训练负载和生理适应之间的关系对于优化男性足球运动员的表现至关重要.
- 以前的研究已经探索了各种负载指标,但需要进行全面的分析,将内部和外部负载与特定适应 (有氧,无氧,神经肌肉) 联系起来.
研究的目的:
- 研究如何生理,运动和机械负荷参数影响17岁以下男性足球运动员的有氧,无氧和神经肌肉适应.
- 为了确定不同负载监测策略在12周期间对特定健身改善的预测能力.
主要方法:
- 一项为期12周的队列研究,涉及41名男性17岁以下的足球运动员.
- 使用心率 (HR) 监测器,感知劳动力 (RPE) 评级和全球定位系统 (GPS) 跟踪监测训练和比赛负载.
- 关键变量包括训练冲动 (TRIMP),会议-RPE,总距离,高速跑步 (HSR),非常高速跑步 (VHSR),加速度和减速.
- 在基线和干预后评估的身体健康,包括有氧能力的Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试 (YYIRT),无氧能力的基于跑步的无氧冲刺测试 (RSAmean),肌肉力量的反动跳跃 (CMJ) 和30米冲刺表现.
主要成果:
- 累积的会话-RPE和TRIMP是有氧能力改善的显著积极预测因素 (YYIRT三角形),解释了不到一半的差异.
- 累积的非常高速度跑步 (VHSR) 显著预测了无氧能力的改善 (RSA平均三角形),更高的VHSR与更好的冲刺时间有关.
- 高速跑步 (HSR) 并不是厌氧能力变化的重要预测因素.
结论:
- 内部负荷测量 (会话-RPE,TRIMP) 与年轻足球运动员的有氧适应更强烈相关.
- 特定的外部负载指标,特别是VHSR,是无氧冲刺表现变化的更好的指标.
- 建议针对特定的生理适应量身定制的个性化负载管理策略,以优化足球表现.
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