埃塞俄比亚12-23个月龄儿童零剂量疫苗接种范围的空间差异:地理加权回归分析
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu1,2, Kassahun Alemu2,3, Shegaw Angaw Mengiste4
1Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PloS one
|September 11, 2025
概括
埃塞俄比亚的零剂量儿童患病率很高,定义为那些没有接种第一个角膜炎,结节炎和百日咳疫苗的儿童. 地理上的不平等以及缺乏医疗保健等因素有助于这些差异,阻碍了免疫目标.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 埃塞俄比亚面临着零剂量儿童的重大负担,在全球排名第三.
- 零剂量儿童被定义为那些没有接收初始剂量喉,结节炎和百日咳含有疫苗的儿童.
- 了解地理差异和促成因素对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估零剂量儿童患病率的地理差异.
- 确定预测埃塞俄比亚零剂量儿童分布的因素.
主要方法:
- 基于人口的调查数据来自6,212名12-23个月龄的儿童.
- 空间自相关性和热点分析 (Getis-Ord Gi*),以确定地理聚类.
- 地理加权回归 (GWR) 用于确定影响地理变化的因素.
主要成果:
- 零剂量儿童的总体患病率为24.8%,区域差异很大 (亚的斯亚贝巴的0.9%,索马里的40.7%).
- 在索马里,阿法尔,阿姆哈拉和奥罗米亚地区确定了零剂量流行热点地区.
- 关键预测因素包括缺乏产前护理 (ANC) 的利用,没有TT/Td疫苗接种,免疫感知差,以及与卫生设施的距离.
结论:
- 埃塞俄比亚零剂量儿童的高患病率和地理不平等需要紧急关注.
- 干预措施必须解决诸如ANC利用率,TT/Td疫苗接种,社区认知和医疗保健可访问性等因素.
- 定制战略对于实现国家和全球免疫目标以及确保公平接种疫苗至关重要.
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