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获得折射误差服务的全球性别差异:系统性审查和元分析
Sonia Mavi1, Noelle Whitestone2, Ving Fai Chan1
1Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Ophthalmology
|September 11, 2025
概括
全球研究显示,妇女和女孩在获得折射误差纠正方面面临着显著的性别差异,影响视力和生活质量. 有针对性的干预措施至关重要,特别是在城市地区和低收入地区的成年女性.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 全球卫生平等全球卫生平等
背景情况:
- 折射误差 (RE) 是全球视力障碍的主要原因.
- 在获得折射误差纠正方面的性别差异尚未得到充分理解.
- 对妇女和女孩来说,更少的访问可能会导致长期的视力障碍和功能限制.
研究的目的:
- 总结现有证据,以全球性别差异在访问折射误差纠正现有证据.
- 分析成人和儿童之间的这些差异.
- 为了确定受视力纠正受限影响最严重的人群.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase,Global Health) 和灰色文献中进行系统搜索,截至2024年2月.
- 包括基于人口的观察性研究报告的折射误差覆盖率,按性别分层.
- 经年龄调整的女性:男性折射误差纠正几率比率的元分析,按年龄,环境和地区分层.
主要成果:
- 分析了18个国家的43项研究,涉及超过91,000名成人和790,000名有折射需求的儿童.
- 在全球范围内,成年女性的折射误差校正覆盖率明显低于男性 (OR:0.85;95% CI:0.75-0.96).
- 城市妇女获得的机会明显较低 (OR:0.70),差异在东南亚,东亚和大洋洲最为明显. 在儿童中没有发现任何显著的性别差异.
结论:
- 有针对性的干预措施是必要的,以解决阻碍妇女和女孩获得折射性服务的障碍.
- 应该把重点放在成年女性,城市环境和低收入地区.
- 改善对折射纠正的准入对于减少视力障碍和提高生活质量至关重要.
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