墨西哥裔美国老年人的感觉障碍和认知障碍:出生时间的差异
Bibiana Toro Figueira1, Soham Al Snih1,2,3,4
1School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Aging & mental health
|September 12, 2025
概括
双重感官障碍,包括视力和听力损失,显著增加了老年墨西哥裔美国人的认知障碍的风险. 对感官问题的早期干预可能有助于预防认知能力下降.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 感官障碍,如视力障碍 (VI) 和听力障碍 (HI),在老年人中很普遍.
- 感官缺陷和认知衰退之间的相互作用,特别是在不同的老年人群中,需要进一步研究.
- 对于有针对性的干预来说,了解婴儿时代作为感觉障碍和认知轨迹的一个因素至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在12年内调查双感官障碍 (DSI) 和认知障碍 (CI) 之间的关联.
- 探索出生 (美国出生的与外国出生的) 如何改变感官障碍和CI之间的关系.
- 分析墨西哥裔美国老年人不同程度的VI和HI的认知轨迹.
主要方法:
- 纵向研究设计,随访时间为12年.
- 参与者:75岁以上的墨西哥裔美国成年人,具有中度至高水平的基线认知功能.
- 感官障碍评估包括VI (难以在不同距离识别面孔) 和HI (难以在安静中理解语音). 参与者分为:没有VI-没有HI,只有HI,只有VI和DSI (是VI-是HI). 认知障碍定义为迷你精神状态考试分数 <21.
主要成果:
- 在DSI组中,美国出生的和外国出生的个体与没有感官障碍的人相比,随着时间的推移发展CI的几率显著更高 (OR = 2.64-5.71).
- 仅患有VI的美国出生的个人也增加了CI的几率 (OR = 2.09).
- 在控制共变量后,这些关联仍然很重要,突出了感官缺陷带来的独立风险.
结论:
- 双重感官障碍在美国出生和外国出生的墨西哥裔美国老年人中对认知障碍的发展构成重大风险.
- 准和解决视力和听力障碍可能是一个可行的策略,以减轻这一群体的认知衰退.
- 未来的研究应该专注于针对感官缺陷的文化定制干预措施,以促进健康的认知衰老.
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