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大麻和大麻素的治疗用途:益处和风险

Xiadi Zhai¹, Pooja R Sarkar^2,3, Kevin P Hill⁴

¹Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Polish archives of internal medicine

|September 12, 2025

概括

大麻显示出对特定医疗状况的承诺,如化疗引起的恶心和多发性硬化症性. 然而,临床医生必须权衡潜在风险,包括成和认知障碍,对患者的益处.

科学领域:

医学和制药科学医学和制药科学
神经科学是一个神经科学.
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

越来越多的国际知名度和大麻的法律地位不断变化,促使临床讨论.
患者经常询问医用大麻,但对于许多疾病的疗效仍难以达成共识.
2025年的关键症状包括化疗引起的恶心/吐,与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的食欲丧失以及特定的综合征.

研究的目的:

审查目前关于大麻和大麻类药物在治疗各种疾病中的使用证据.
评估与大麻和大麻素消费相关的风险.
通过将研究结果优先于事证据来指导临床决策.

主要方法:

对大麻和大麻类药物治疗的现有研究进行系统审查.
对慢性非癌症疼痛,失眠,精神病和神经系统疾病的证据的评估.
对阿片类药物使用障碍和神经疾病的不确证据的考虑.

主要成果:

已确定的适应症包括化疗引起的恶心,艾滋病毒/艾滋病的食欲丧失,以及特定的发作障碍.
慢性非癌症疼痛,失眠和精神病/神经系统疾病的证据需要进一步调查.
显著的风险包括成,神经认知缺陷 (特别是在青少年中),大麻素超综合征和精神病.

结论:

临床医生必须仔细平衡大麻对特定疾病的潜在益处和危害.
基于证据的决策至关重要,优先考虑研究而不是事的说法.
需要进一步的研究来澄清各种适用症的疗效和安全性.

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