青春期社会情绪和执行控制不匹配以及开始饮酒的风险
Qingyu Zhao1, Leo Milecki1, Amy Kuceyeski1
1Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
JAMA network open
|September 12, 2025
概括
青少年大脑发育显示了社会情绪驱动和执行控制之间的不平衡,增加了重饮酒的风险. 早期发现这些发育差异可以帮助预防酒精使用障碍.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 青春期的特点是,社会情绪驱动因素和不成熟的执行控制之间的成熟不平衡.
- 这种发育脆弱性可能解释了在此期间观察到的冒险行为增加,包括大量饮酒.
- 青春期大脑功能活动失衡与倾向于发展重度饮酒模式有关.
研究的目的:
- 纵向比较社会情绪和执行控制系统的发展轨迹.
- 为了区分这些发展轨迹的青少年谁发展沉重的饮酒习惯和那些不.
- 为了检查这些轨迹,在开始饮酒之前和之后.
主要方法:
- 一项纵向队列研究,涉及来自全国青少年酒精和神经发育联盟的633名参与者.
- 使用休息状态功能磁共振成像和神经心理评估.
- 从基线 (禁欲或非常低的酒精消费) 分析了3076次访问,以研究完成,从2024年10月到2025年7月进行统计分析.
主要成果:
- 开始大量饮酒的参与者 (n=238) 在饮酒开始前在社会情绪系统中显著提高了大脑行为评分 (增加0.18).
- 相比之下,发育轨迹在两个系统中都显示出执行控制偏差 (0.44的增加),在社会情感系统中效应大小显著增加 (z=3.51,P<.001).
- 这表明,在重度饮酒开始之前,明显的不平衡有利于社会情感反应,而不是执行控制的发展.
结论:
- 青春期社会情绪和执行功能合的大脑连接的异步成熟是严重饮酒发病的潜在危险因素.
- 酒精消费与执行控制的缺陷和社会情绪系统的恶化变化有关.
- 早期识别这些发育差异对于预防新兴成年期的酒精使用障碍至关重要.
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