重要的不是难度,而是策略:感知压力因素,功能和功能障碍应对策略在极端持续时间的超级轨道上
Pietro Trabucchi1, Barbara Pellegrini1,2, Aldo Savoldelli1,3
1CERISM, Centro Ricerca Interuniversitario Sport Montagna e Salute, Rovereto, Italy.
PloS one
|September 12, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了压力因素的分类学和超耐力比赛 (>200英里) 的应对策略. 研究结果显示,这些分类学有效地捕获了跑步者.
科学领域:
- 体育和运动心理学 运动心理学
- 超耐力运动生理学 超耐力运动生理学
- 运动中的行为科学
背景情况:
- 现有的超耐力赛事 (>200英里) 研究缺乏压力因素和应对机制的具体分类法.
- 之前的研究集中在较短的距离上,可能忽视了极端超级赛道比赛中独特的挑战.
- 在了解运动员在超长比赛中使用的特定心理和生理压力以及适应策略方面存在差距.
研究的目的:
- 为压力因素和应对策略制定特定的分类法,用于超过200英里的超级赛道比赛.
- 将遇到的压力因素和运动员应对策略分类为不同的概念组.
- 评估这些分类学在评估运动员在真实比赛中的应对策略时的适用性.
主要方法:
- 两个专家重点小组生成了压力因素和应对策略的临时分类.
- 应用主题分析被用来将这些分类改进为分类学草案.
- 每天采访280英里比赛的7名参与者;使用开发的分类学分析了回应,通过Fleiss' Kappa评估了评分员之间的可靠性.
主要成果:
- 建立了三个明确的分类:典型的压力因素,功能性应对策略和功能障碍应对策略.
- 对于压力因素 (K=0.711) 和应对策略 (K=0.73) 发现了高度的互评级协议,验证了分类学的有效性.
- 完成超过50%的比赛的运动员表现出高比例的功能性到功能障碍性应对策略 (0.66-1).
结论:
- 开发的分类学有效地描述了极端距离比赛中超级步道跑者的真实经历.
- 这些发现揭示了特定于环境的应对策略,这些策略可能是通过广泛的经验来磨练的.
- 这些分类学为分析和理解运动员在超耐力赛事中的性和表现提供了有价值的工具.
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