超高精度模拟计算使用内存切换晶体管的几何比率
Xing-Jian Yangdong1, Cong Wang1, Yichen Zhao1
1Institute of Brain-Inspired Intelligence, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Science advances
|September 12, 2025
概括
这项研究介绍了一种新的模拟计算芯片,它使用晶体管几何学来实现超高精度,克服了传统方法的局限性. 新的设计实现了人工智能硬件在各种温度下卓越的准确性和稳定性.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 计算机工程 计算机工程
- 人工智能 硬件 硬件
背景情况:
- 传统的模拟计算依赖于容易波动的物理量,限制精度.
- 环境变化和编程可能会影响模拟系统的准确性.
- 人工智能硬件需要稳定而精确的模拟计算.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个超高精度的模拟计算芯片.
- 将依赖从波动的物理量转移到稳定的几何特征.
- 展示一种新的模拟内存计算方法.
主要方法:
- 使用晶体管的几何比率,而不是内在的物理量进行计算.
- 开发了一个模拟内存计算芯片,使用标准的补充金属氧化物半导体工艺.
- 实施重量重新映射技术以提高计算精度.
主要成果:
- 实现了迄今为止在模拟计算中报告的最高精度.
- 证明了超高的计算准确性,在平行向量对矩阵乘法中,根平均平方误差为0.101%.
- 在极端温度 (-78.5°C和180°C) 中保持高精度,误差为0.155%和0.130%.
结论:
- 利用设备的稳定几何特征显著提高了模拟计算精度.
- 开发的芯片为稳定和准确的AI硬件提供了有前途的解决方案.
- 这项工作通过推动精度界限,推进了模拟计算领域的发展.
相关概念视频
Biasing of FET
681
Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
681
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit
1.5K
In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
1.5K
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode
792
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
792
Semiconductors
1.4K
There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
1.4K
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions
555
Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
555
MOSFET
1.2K
The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) plays a pivotal role in modern electronics thanks to its versatility and efficiency in controlling electrical currents. This device, also known as IGFET, MISFET, and MOSFET, has three main terminals: the Source, Drain, and Gate. MOSFETs are classified into n-channel or p-channel types based on the doping characteristics of their substrate and the source or drain regions.
In an n-MOSFET, the structure includes n-type source and drain...
In an n-MOSFET, the structure includes n-type source and drain...
1.2K


