从在线话语中提取复杂疾病的症状 (症状学子网):基于词典的方法
Bushra Hossain1, Sarah M Preum2,3, Md Fazle Rabbi4
1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
JMIR medical informatics
|September 12, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了一种基于词典的症状提取 (LSE) 方法,以识别患者报告的复杂疾病的症状,如多囊性卵巢综合征 (PCOS). 从在线讨论中准确地捕捉到疾病特异性症状,帮助患者和临床医生.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 在线健康话语是了解患有复杂医疗状况的患者体验的宝贵来源.
- 现有的方法很难从患者生成的在线内容中提取微妙的,疾病特异性的症状.
- 有需要的工具,可以识别患者报告的症状从社交媒体的条件,如多囊性卵巢综合征 (PCOS).
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种从社交媒体数据中提取患者报告的疾病特异性症状的方法.
- 描述患者报告的PCOS相关症状的流行率和模式.
- 创建一个全面的症状列表,反映PCOS患者的生活经历.
主要方法:
- 提出了一个基于词典的症状提取 (LSE) 方法,最初使用一个大型语言模型来构建一个症状词典.
- 评估了使用Jaccard索引对人类注释的词典提取效率.
- 使用 BioBERT 嵌入式与 k-means 集群用于症状识别和正常化,以完善全面的症状列表.
主要成果:
- 伦敦证券交易所的方法显著优于基线方法,在PCOS分类数据集上获得了86.10的F1平均得分.
- 创建了64个PCOS症状的全面列表,涵盖了多个eHealth论坛上报告的症状.
- 确定了28种新出现的症状和8种与PCOS相关的自我报告的并发症.
结论:
- 开发的LSE方法有效地从在线话语中提取患者报告的疾病特异性症状.
- 综合性PCOS症状列表可以减少患者和医疗保健提供者的不确定性.
- 对PCOS症状的分析为公共卫生研究和患者护理提供了宝贵的见解.
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