人口遗传结构,历史有效的人口规模,以及中国红草原和霍尔斯坦牛群中的乳制品特征选择特征
Peng Niu1, Xiaopeng Li2, Xueyan Wang2
1College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|September 13, 2025
概括
中国红草原 (CRS) 和荷尔斯坦 (HOL) 牛群表现出不同的遗传结构和人口历史. 参与丁酸盐代谢和蛋白质质量控制的关键基因被确定为改善CRS乳制品特征.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 进行比较基因组学.
- 畜牧养殖 畜牧养殖 畜牧养殖
背景情况:
- 中国红草原 (CRS) 牛具有环境弹性和适度的乳制品特征.
- 荷尔斯坦 (HOL) 牛的牛奶产量很高,但遗传多样性和适应性降低了.
- 进行比较基因组分析对于增强CRS乳牛至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析CRS和HOL牛的种群遗传结构.
- 为了确定CRS乳制品改进的选择签名.
- 了解乳制品性能差异的遗传基础.
主要方法:
- 使用Illumina GGP牛100K SNP阵列进行61个CRS和392个HOL的基因造型.
- 通过PCA,NJ树和NMF评估人口结构.
- 推断历史有效种群大小 (Ne) 和使用SMC++的差异.
- 全基因组选择扫描 (FST,XP-CLR) 和基因丰富分析 (GO,KEGG).
主要成果:
- CRS和HOL牛在遗传上明显分开,CRS显示高同质性.
- 大约3500年前的分裂和最近的Ne衰退在两种品种中都被观察到.
- 确定了767个候选基因,其中ACSM1/2B/3/4集群 (丁酸盐代谢) 显示出最强的选择信号.
- 突出显示了参与蛋白质酶功能,ER压力,离子稳态和RNA处理的途径.
结论:
- 描述了CRS和HOL牛的遗传分歧和人口历史.
- 确定了影响乳制品特征的核心基因和途径 (丁酸盐代谢,蛋白质质量控制).
- 提供了CRS牛精密繁殖的分子标记和理论指导.
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