在不依靠科学的情况下执行加拿大禁止过度拥挤运输中的牲畜的禁令
1Independent Researcher, 191 Lawndale Ave, Winnipeg, MB R2H 1T4, Canada.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|September 13, 2025
概括
2020年更新的加拿大牲畜运输法规缺乏明确的拥挤定义,导致不一致的处罚. 这项分析回顾了20个案例,突出了在动物福利执法方面偏爱法律模两可,而不是准确的标准.
科学领域:
- 行政法 行政法 行政法
- 动物福利法 动物福利法
- 加拿大监管法 加拿大监管法
背景情况:
- 行政法平衡个人选择与公共利益,包括动物福利.
- 对于人道的牲畜运输的社会标准正在发展.
- 自1857年以来,加拿大牲畜运输一直受到监管,最近在2020年进行了修订.
研究的目的:
- 分析根据加拿大法律对牲畜过度拥挤违法行为的处罚.
- 审查运输商对过度拥挤处罚提出上诉的案件.
- 调查2020年人道运输法规中缺乏明确的数值值.
主要方法:
- 从2004年到2024年,审查了20起有关畜牧过度拥挤处罚的法律案件.
- 分析这些案件中适用的行政法原则.
- 加拿大食品检查局对监管执法的审查.
主要成果:
- 尽管没有明确的对过度拥挤罪行的定义,但仍被处以罚款.
- 运输商在审查的案件中对处罚提出了上诉.
- 2020年监管修订未能为违规行为确定明确的数值值.
结论:
- 目前的监管框架允许主观执行牲畜过度拥挤规则.
- 监管机构和行业之间可能会偏爱法律不透明而不是清晰.
- 由于缺乏精确的标准,因此对动物福利法的一致性实施构成了挑战.
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