基于机器学习的机械性能预测大型轴承件的机械性能
Qing Qin1, Xingfu Wang2, Shaowu Dai2
1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 13, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了一种机器学习模型,以预测使用ZG270-500钢的大型轴承件的机械性能. 支持向量回归 (SVR) 实现了高精度,超过了预测材料性能的其他模型.
科学领域:
- 材料科学与工程 材料科学与工程
- 机械工程 机械工程
- 计算材料科学科学 计算材料科学
背景情况:
- 大型轴承件的机械性能对于工业设备的可靠性和寿命至关重要.
- 传统的预测方法昂贵,样本有限,缺乏概括性.
- 现有的方法不足以准确预测大型件的性能.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种高效的机器学习模型,用于预测ZG270-500钢的机械性能.
- 整合多变量数据,包括化学成分和工艺参数,以提高预测准确度.
- 解决大型轴承体件性能预测方面的研究缺口.
主要方法:
- 收集并预处理现实世界生产数据,包括异常值处理,数据平衡和规范化.
- 实现并比较了四种机器学习算法:反向传播神经网络 (BPNN),支持向量回归 (SVR),随机森林 (RF) 和极端梯度增强 (XGBoost).
- 利用SHAP (夏普利增量解释) 价值分析来解释模型预测并确定关键影响因素.
主要成果:
- 支持向量回归 (SVR) 模型在小样本条件下表现出卓越的性能,达到0.85至0.95.95之间的确定系数 (R2).
- 实现了关键机械性能的低根平均平方误差 (RMSE):收益强度 (7.59 MPa),拉力强度 (7.52 MPa),延长 (0.68%),面积减少 (1.47%),以及冲击能量 (5.51 J).
- 实验验证证了预测值和测量值之间的相对误差低于4%,SHAP分析确定了影响机械性能的关键过程参数和元素组成.
结论:
- 开发的数据驱动机器学习方法,特别是SVR,提供了一种高效和准确的方法来预测大型件的机械性能.
- 该模型为优化制造工艺和提高轴承件的可靠性提供了理论基础.
- 这项研究成功地解决了传统方法的局限性,并为造性能预测建立了强大的框架.
相关概念视频
Bearings: Problem Solving
480
Understanding the calculations and concepts related to double-collar bearings is essential for engineers and designers to optimize the performance of these components in various applications. By analyzing the bearing under different conditions, one can ensure that it can withstand the forces and moments experienced during operation. This knowledge enables better decision-making when designing and selecting bearings for specific purposes and configurations. Consider a double-collar bearing with...
480
Mechanical Characteristics of Steel
1.1K
The mechanical characteristics of steel are assessed through various tests that evaluate its strength, toughness, and flexibility. These tests include tension, torsion, impact, bending, and hardness assessments, each providing crucial information about steel's suitability for specific applications.
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
1.1K
Journal Bearings
1.1K
Journal bearings are mechanical components that support and provide lateral stability to rotating shafts and axles. They are crucial in reducing friction, wear, and vibration in machinery such as engines, turbines, and pumps. The principle behind journal bearings is forming a thin lubricant film between the bearing surface and the rotating shaft, which minimizes direct contact and reduces frictional forces.
To better understand the concept of journal bearings, consider a rope winch with dry or...
To better understand the concept of journal bearings, consider a rope winch with dry or...
1.1K
Pivot Bearings
2.1K
In mechanical systems, bearings are crucial in facilitating relative motion between two components while minimizing friction and wear. They help distribute various loads (radial, axial or a combination of both loads) across machinery parts, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.
A pivot bearing is a specialized type of bearing designed to support axial loads on a rotating shaft. The bearing surface, or the pivot, is positioned at the end of a shaft to support the axial thrust. The pivot may...
A pivot bearing is a specialized type of bearing designed to support axial loads on a rotating shaft. The bearing surface, or the pivot, is positioned at the end of a shaft to support the axial thrust. The pivot may...
2.1K
Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving
493
Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...
493
Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft
331
Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular velocity...
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular velocity...
331


