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移植前大量吸烟与心脏移植后因感染和恶性病变的生存率降低有关
Karsten M Heil1, Rasmus Rivinius1, Matthias Helmschrott1
1Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Journal of clinical medicine
|September 13, 2025
概括
在心脏移植前大量吸烟会显著增加心脏移植受体的死亡风险和感染和恶性瘤等并发症. 这种病史是移植后长期存活率降低的独立风险因素.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 移植医学 移植医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 烟草吸烟是心血管疾病的已知危险因素.
- 移植前吸烟史对心脏移植结果的预后影响尚未完全理解.
- 在移植前调查大量吸烟 (≥20包年) 对风险分层至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估移植前重度吸烟与心脏移植 (HTX) 后的结果之间的关联.
- 为了确定特定的风险,包括死亡率,感染,恶性瘤和心房动,在HTX后重度吸烟者中.
主要方法:
- 对639名心脏移植接受者 (1989-2019) 的回顾性,单中心研究.
- 患者分为重度吸烟者 (≥20包年) 和非重度吸烟者 (<20包年) 的两组.
- 分析包括人口统计,药物,死亡原因和移植后早期心房动.
主要成果:
- 34.3%的接受者在移植前是重度吸烟者.
- 沉重的吸烟者有5年死亡率增加 (44.3%对28.6%,p < 0.001).
- 在重度吸烟者中,感染/败血症 (21.5%对12.1%) 和恶性瘤 (5.5%对1.7%) 的死亡率较高. 移植前重度吸烟是5年死亡率的一个独立风险因素 (HR: 2.173).
- 沉重的吸烟者在移植后30天的心房动率较高 (17.8%对11.7%,p = 0.032).
结论:
- 移植前重度吸烟与移植后早期心房的增加有关.
- 严重吸烟史与肺癌和心脏移植后感染的风险更高有关.
- 移植前大量吸烟显著降低了心脏移植后的整体存活率.
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