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Ewa Bryl¹, Anna Demuth¹, Joanna Ratajczak¹

¹Department of Human Biological Development, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland.

|September 13, 2025

概括

年轻的足球运动员经常有低于最佳的饮食,尽管营养需求很高. 需要进行干预,以弥合青少年运动员的营养知识和实际饮食实践之间的差距.

科学领域:

运动营养运动营养
青少年健康青少年健康
饮食评估饮食评估

背景情况:

适当的营养对于年轻运动员的成长,发展和表现至关重要.
身体活跃的青少年经常表现出不理想的饮食习惯.
这项研究调查了波兰青年足球运动员的饮食质量.

研究的目的:

为了评估11-16岁的男性青年足球运动员的饮食质量.
分析消费促进健康和不健康食物组的频率.
确定影响该人口饮食质量的因素.

主要方法:

分析了来自足球锦标赛学校的78名男孩.
饮食行为,营养知识,体力活动和屏幕时间使用验证的问卷 (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) 进行了评估.
亲健康饮食指数 (pHDI) 和非健康饮食指数 (nHDI) 根据食物消费频率计算.

主要成果:

科尔指数,饮食习惯的自我评估和营养知识是亲健康饮食指数 (pHDI) 的关键预测指标,解释了其25%的差异.
在青春期早期 (11-13岁),科尔指数是pHDI的主要预测指标 (R2 = 32%).
在青春期 (14-16岁) 中,自我评估和营养知识是最强的预测因素 (R2 = 30%).
尽管有积极的自我评估,但只有1.28%的参与者符合所有健康饮食标准.
屏幕时间与身体活动有负相关性,与能量饮料消费有正相关性.

结论:

在年轻足球运动员的营养知识和实际饮食行为之间存在显著的差异.
必须有针对性,多层次的干预,包括家庭和教练.
改善年轻运动员的饮食习惯需要解决知识和行为方面的问题.

关键词:

饮食质量饮食质量饮食习惯饮食习惯家庭影响力家庭影响力足球运动员足球运动员球员营养知识营养知识营养教育营养教育青少年运动员青少年运动员

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