力量训练对骨质疏松症老年人身体构成,身体表现和蛋白质或摄入量的影响:元分析
Jordan Hernandez-Martinez1,2, Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco3, Edgar Vasquez-Carrasco4,5,6
1Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile.
Nutrients
|September 13, 2025
概括
力量训练 (ST) 显著改善了骨肌肉质量指数 (SMMI) 和最大对称手握强度 (MIHS) 在老年人骨髓缩症. 它还增加了蛋白质摄入量,弹性带训练显示身体脂肪百分比 (BFP) 显著下降.
科学领域:
- 老年学和运动科学
- 肌肉骨健康和衰老问题
- 营养生物化学 营养生物化学
背景情况:
- 骨髓缩症,以低肌肉质量和骨密度为特征,是老年人普遍存在的疾病,增加了跌倒风险和脆弱性.
- 力量训练 (ST) 是管理骨症和骨质疏松症的关键干预措施,但它对骨质疏松症的身体组成和表现的影响需要进一步澄清.
- 了解不同ST协议和营养因素的影响对于优化对这一弱势群体的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析随机对照试验 (RCT),评估各种力量训练 (ST) 干预措施对骨质疏松症老年人身体组成,身体表现和营养摄入的影响.
- 评估不同ST剂量和类型对关键健康结果的影响.
- 综合关于ST对骨肌肉质量指数 (SMMI),最大同度握力 (MIHS),骨矿物质密度 (BMD),身体脂肪百分比 (BFP),步行速度和蛋白质/摄入量的影响的证据.
主要方法:
- 从2024年7月到2025年8月,在五个数据库 (PubMed,Medline,CINAHL Complete,Scopus,Web of Science) 进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括7个涉及349名参与者的RCT,使用PRISMA,TESTEX,RoB 2和GRADE工具评估方法质量和证据确定性.
- 对Hedge的g效应大小进行了计算,用于元分析,包括总和子组分析,并将协议注册在PROSPERO (CRD42025643858) 中.
主要成果:
- 分析显示,在力量训练后,骨肌肉质量指数 (SMMI; p < 0.01) 和最大同位体握力 (MIHS; p = 0.03) 显著增加.
- 蛋白质摄入量也显著增加 (p = 0.03),但在骨矿物质密度 (BMD),身体脂肪百分比 (BFP),步行速度或摄入量方面没有观察到显著差异.
- 亚组分析表明,BFP显著下降 (p = 0.01),偏好弹性带训练而不是抵抗训练,对BMD没有显著影响.
结论:
- 力量训练是有效的改善SMMI和MIHS在老年人被诊断患有骨质缩症.
- ST干预与增加蛋白质摄入量有关,这可能有助于改善肌肉健康.
- 虽然对 BMD 和 BFP 的整体影响并不显著,但弹性带训练显示在减少身体脂肪百分比方面具有潜在的益处.
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