一种用词的方式:临床医生在评估男孩和女孩的自闭症时是否会说不同的话?
Julia Parish-Morris1, Meredith Cola2
1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|September 14, 2025
概括
自闭症在女性中呈现不同,导致诊断不足. 需要更多的研究来了解性别特征,并改善自闭症患者的诊断工具.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 研究研究
- 儿科神经发育 儿童神经发育
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种复杂的神经发育状况,影响社会沟通和行为.
- 与男性相比,女性的ASD诊断较少,并且在较晚的年龄被诊断出来.
- 当前的诊断工具可能无法充分捕捉女性自闭症的表现.
研究的目的:
- 为了突出基于性别的自闭症诊断差异.
- 探索女性对自闭症认知不足的原因.
- 解决当前诊断工具对女性自闭症表现的局限性.
主要方法:
- 综述现有关于男性和女性自闭症诊断的文献.
- 对性别特定的诊断率和诊断时的年龄进行分析.
- 检查自闭症诊断工具的开发和验证.
主要成果:
- 女性被诊断出患有自闭症的比例较低,年龄也比男性晚.
- 女性的认知不足可能源于非典型的特征呈现和诊断工具偏差.
- 在男性占主导地位的样本上开发的黄金标准工具可能会低估女性自闭症的诊断.
结论:
- 自闭症呈现的性别差异有助于诊断差异.
- 更好地了解女性自闭症表现对于准确诊断至关重要.
- 需要开发性别敏感的诊断工具,以解决女性诊断不足的问题.
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