软件作为医疗器械:美国的要求和监管格局
Shivani Shah1, Priyanka Thakor1, Aakash Shah1
1Diabetes, Medtronic MiniMed Inc., Northridge, CA, USA.
Expert review of medical devices
|September 14, 2025
概括
监管框架对于人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 在软件作为医疗设备 (SaMD) 中的安全整合至关重要. 总产品生命周期 (TPLC) 方法对于管理基于AI/ML的SaMD风险和确保公平的创新至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗器械规则 医疗器械规则
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的软件工程
背景情况:
- 医疗器械中的软件增强了诊断,个性化和远程监控.
- 人工智能/ML的快速发展需要对患者安全和设备可靠性的强有力的监管监督.
- 软件作为医疗设备 (SaMD) 是用于医疗目的的软件,独立于硬件.
研究的目的:
- 分析软件作为医疗器械 (SaMD) 监管框架的演变和当前状态.
- 检查对基于AI/ML的SaMD进行监管所面临的挑战和影响因素.
- 预测SaMD监管中的未来趋势.
主要方法:
- 在关键数据库 (PubMed,Google Scholar,FDA.gov,EUR-Lex,IMDRF.org) 中进行了叙事文献搜索.
- 搜索的重点是从2013年1月到2025年5月的出版物.
- 分析包括历史发展,现有框架,挑战和未来趋势.
主要成果:
- 总产品生命周期 (TPLC) 框架被确定为管理基于AI/ML的SaMD的关键.
- 在SaMD中的AI/ML挑战了现有的监管假设.
- 需要确保透明度,减轻偏见,信任和公平创新的监管系统.
结论:
- 不断发展的AI/ML技术需要针对SaMD制定适应性监管框架.
- 基于AI/ML的SaMD的生命周期管理中,TPLC方法至关重要.
- 未来的法规必须优先考虑创新的医疗软件的安全性,有效性和伦理考虑.
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