腹腔镜胆囊切除术后术后恶心和吐的发生率和预测因素:尼泊尔的一项前性观察研究
Rajendra Dhakal1, Pawan Sapkota Upadhya2, Prajjwol Luitel3
1Department of General Surgery, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal.
Journal of minimally invasive surgery
|September 15, 2025
概括
手术后恶心和吐 (PONV) 影响了腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC) 后43%的患者. 非吸烟者,有运动病史的人和阿片类药物使用者面临更高的风险. 阿菲尔得分有效预测尼泊尔患者的PONV.
科学领域:
- 麻醉学 麻醉学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 外科手术的结果
背景情况:
- 手术后恶心和吐 (PONV) 的发生率各不相同,在许多情况下没有标准化的风险评估.
- 这导致不一致地使用抗性预防.
- 腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC) 是一种常见的手术,在这种手术中,PONV会影响恢复.
研究的目的:
- 确定在接受LC的尼泊尔患者中PONV的发病率.
- 为了确定LC后PONV的预测因子.
- 为了评估Apfel和Koivuranta在这个人群中对PONV的预测性表现.
主要方法:
- 对100名接受选择性LC的成年患者进行前性观察性研究.
- 在手术前计算Apfel和Koivuranta分数.
- 对恶心和吐进行24小时的术后监测,随后进行统计分析和ROC曲线比较.
主要成果:
- 在研究队列中,PONV发病率为43%.
- 有意义的预测因素包括不吸烟 (OR 7.66),有运动性疾病史 (OR 9.51),以及术后使用阿片类药物 (OR 7.18).
- 与Koivuranta得分 (AUC 0.79) 相比,Apfel得分 (AUC 0.809) 的预测准确度略高.
结论:
- 在LC之后,PONV很普遍,特别是在非吸烟者,有运动性疾病病史的患者和接受术后阿片类药物的患者中.
- 阿菲尔评分是一个可靠和简单的工具,用于在接受LC的患者中对PONV风险分层.
- 使用 Apfel 等验证得分的标准化风险评估可以优化抗药的使用.
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