刻板印象威胁如何影响认知表现:这一切都取决于你的感受!
Saša Drače1, Verda Dolarević1, Elma Šašić1
1University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
概括
刻板印象威胁 (ST) 根据经历的情绪不同地影响表现. 基于恐惧的ST会损害困难的任务,而愤怒诱导的ST不会影响表现,这表明情绪调解ST效应.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 情绪会影响动机和资源分配,这些动机和资源分配是基于感知到的局势需求.
- 负面情绪可能导致对需求的高估,影响任务参与度.
- 刻板印象威胁 (ST) 是一种现象,由于担心证实负面刻板印象,个人表现不佳.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否特定的情绪,超出一般情绪,解释刻板印象威胁对动机和表现的影响.
- 检查基于恐惧的ST与愤怒诱导的ST对容易和困难的认知任务的差异影响.
- 探索情感评估在调解刻板印象威胁效应中的作用.
主要方法:
- 两项研究使用标准 (基于恐惧的) ST,愤怒诱导的ST和无ST控制条件的参与者进行.
- 参与者进行了轻松的 (研究1) 或困难的 (研究2) 认知任务.
- 测量了与刻板印象相关的担忧,并评估了任务绩效.
主要成果:
- 这两种ST条件都比对照组更表现出与刻板印象相关的担忧.
- 正如预期的那样,基于恐惧的ST导致了轻松任务的表现增加,而困难任务的表现下降.
- 愤怒诱导的ST并没有产生与刻板印象威胁相关的典型表现效应.
结论:
- 特定的情绪,如恐惧和愤怒,在调解刻板印象威胁的动机和绩效结果方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 对刻板印象威胁的评估,特别是它引起的情绪,显著影响了任务参与和绩效.
- 了解ST的情感基础是预测其对个体认知表现的影响的关键.
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