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相关概念视频

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
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Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
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组织特异性和NF-kappaB-独立的XIST RNA局部化模式在女性肠道,血液和肌肉祖先中.

Claudia D Lovell, Isabel Sierra, Emma M Welter

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
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    女性细胞使用多种表观遗传策略进行X染色体失活 (XCI),因组织而异. 这确保了适当的基因表达,同时保持了整体沉默,即使随着年龄的增长.

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    相关实验视频

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    科学领域:

    • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
    • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
    • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

    背景情况:

    • X染色体失活 (XCI) 通过XistRNA和表观遗传沉默等同性别之间的基因表达.
    • 静止的女性淋巴细胞缺乏典型的XCI表观遗传标记,这些标记在激活时通过NF-κB信号恢复.

    研究的目的:

    • 调查XCI表观遗传表型是否与不同雌性原生细胞和干细胞中的静止或NF-κB激活相关.
    • 了解控制体细胞中XCI的组织特异性表观遗传机制.

    主要方法:

    • 对来自肠道,血液和肌肉的祖先和干细胞中的Xist RNA模式和表观遗传标记的分析.
    • 在不同细胞类型中,Xist RNA局部化与NF-κB激活状态的相关性.
    • 检查肌肉卫星细胞与衰老中的XistRNA动态和基因表达.

    主要成果:

    • 肠道原始体表现出可变的XistRNA模式,尽管NF-κB激活.
    • 血液原生细胞和中性粒细胞在NF-κB激活和XistRNA定位之间表现出强烈的联系.
    • 肌肉卫星细胞和神经质细胞独立于NF-κB激活,在Xi积累XistRNA,保持沉默,但允许特定的基因表达.

    结论:

    • 女性体细胞利用XCI的多样化,组织特异性的表观遗传机制.
    • 这些机制使不活跃X染色体的细胞类型特定基因表达成为可能,同时保持广泛的沉默.
    • 衰老会影响肌肉干细胞中的Xist RNA局部化,但功能性沉默是保持的.