通过指导性信号学习神经动力学
Rich Pang1,2, Juncal Arbelaiz1,3, Jonathan W Pillow1
1Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|September 15, 2025
概括
一个新的PRISM可塑性规则可以快速学习复杂的大脑动态. 这种由指导性信号引导的机制促进了对神经计算和机器学习的理解.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 快速学习对于灵活的行为至关重要,但其神经基础尚未完全理解.
- 现有的突触可塑性规则在解释快速适应性学习方面存在局限性.
- 海马,小脑和体利用不同的可塑性机制.
研究的目的:
- 引入一个统一的机制模型,即PRISM可塑性规则,用于快速起作用的突触可塑性.
- 调查PRISM可塑性是如何通过指导性信号引导,促进学习复杂的神经动态.
- 探索PRISM可塑性在时间学分分配人工学习算法的应用.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个包含PRISM可塑性规则的多区域网络模型.
- 利用全面的模拟和精确的数学理论来验证模型.
- 分析了规则在学习非线性动态和模拟外部系统动态方面的表现.
主要成果:
- 由前突触活动和指导信号驱动的PRISM可塑性,可以快速学习灵活的非线性动态.
- 该模型使用实时错误信号成功模拟未知的外部系统动态.
- 与赫比规则相比,PRISM可塑性在学习通用神经计算方面表现优越.
结论:
- PRISM可塑性为不同大脑区域的快速突触可塑性提供了统一的机制解释.
- 教学信号是使复杂的神经计算能够快速灵活地学习的关键.
- 将PRISM可塑性纳入人工智能可以解决长期存在的挑战,例如机器学习中的时间信用分配.
相关概念视频
01:12Observational Learning
841
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
841
01:37Neural Regulation
43.1K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
43.1K
01:25Neural Circuits
2.7K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
2.7K
01:23Propagation of Action Potentials
8.9K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
8.9K
01:09Synaptic Signaling
6.5K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
6.5K
01:35Long-term Potentiation
58.3K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
58.3K