种族在阵容建设中的作用
Melisa Akan1, Jeffrey J Starns1, Andrew L Cohen1
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|September 15, 2025
概括
种族显著影响了目击者阵容的构建. 这项研究发现,在不同种族群体中,人们对面部相似性的看法是一致的,这导致了公平的阵容,无论构造者或嫌疑人的种族如何.
科学领域:
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 目击者身份识别 目击者身份识别
- 感知科学 感知科学
背景情况:
- 种族对目击者识别程序的影响,特别是阵容构建的影响,仍未得到充分研究.
- 评估阵容公平性的现有方法往往忽视了种族认知在相似性判断中的作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查种族在目击者识别队列的构建和评估中的作用.
- 引入多维缩放方法来评估阵容属性和公平性.
- 检查同种族和跨种族的认知如何影响嫌疑人填充器相似性和阵容公平性.
主要方法:
- 研究1:评估黑人和白人面孔之间的感知面部相似性,使用同种族和跨种族的参与者来推导"面部空间".
- 研究2:利用这些面孔空间来评估黑人和白人参与者为黑人和白人嫌疑人构建的阵容的公平性和嫌疑人填充器相似性.
- 采用多维缩放来表示和分析感知到的面部相似性.
主要成果:
- 对相对面部相似性的感知在黑人和白人面部组合的同种族和跨种族感知者之间是一致的.
- 由同种族和跨种族制造商构建的阵容显示出可比的可疑填充器相似性和公平性.
- 无论嫌疑人的种族或假设的目击者的种族,都保持了阵容公平性.
结论:
- 阵容构造者的种族背景似乎不会影响阵容的公平性或嫌疑人填充者的相似性.
- 这些发现表明,无论种族如何,个人在选择填充剂时都会考虑与嫌疑人的相似性和独特性.
- 对实际的法医阵容构造的影响表明,为了公平的结果,可能不需要多样化的构造者观点.
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