基核生物中抗病毒防御的演变,取决于环境病毒流行和病毒组动态
Sanasar G Babajanyan1,2, Sofya K Garushyants1, Yuri I Wolf1
1Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
mBio
|September 16, 2025
概括
Prokaryotes 通过直接的病毒相互作用或横向基因转移 (HGT) 进化抗病毒免疫力. 环境稳定有利于直接相互作用,而波动的条件有利于HGT进行最佳的 prokaryotic 防御策略.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
背景情况:
- Prokaryotes 拥有多样化的抗病毒防御系统,有两个主要的获取模式:直接相互作用 (例如,CRISPR-Cas) 和水平基因转移 (HGT).
- 这些系统的传播和主导程度各不相同,这表明潜在的生命历史权衡影响了它们的进化.
- 了解这些权衡对于解释 prokaryotic 抗病毒免疫中观察到的模式至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查环境稳定性和病毒流行对 prokaryotic 抗病毒防御进化的影响.
- 测试生命历史权衡驱动直接相互作用和基于HGT的免疫获得之间的二分法的假设.
- 为了对不同生态条件做出反应,模拟 prokaryotic 免疫的最佳策略.
主要方法:
- 开发和分析一个数学模型,模拟一个混合良好的 prokaryote 群体.
- 整合随机变化的病毒流行率和人口增长率优化.
- 在不同的环境稳定和病毒流行情景下检查防御演变.
主要成果:
- 在稳定,可预测的环境中,直接相互作用是最佳的,而在波动,不可预测的环境中,在病毒流行程度中等的情况下,HGT是首选的.
- 在HGT主导模式中观察到免疫谱的普遍分布.
- 在病毒患病率非常低时,缺乏防御是最佳的;在患病率非常高时,HGT无论病毒稳定性如何,都占主导地位.
结论:
- 环境的可预测性和病毒的流行程度极大地影响了原生生物的抗病毒防御策略.
- 这些发现解释了免疫的分布模式,例如高热友的适应性免疫.
- 生命历史的权衡是不同 prokaryotic 防御景观进化的关键驱动力.
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