当前流行病学概述 拉丁美洲的淋巴结膜炎:一个系统的文献审查
Raphael Hemann Palma1,2, Rafaela Gageiro Luchesi Soares3, Gisele Meinerz4,3
1Graduate Program in Pathology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. raphael.palma@gmail.com.
Journal of nephrology
|September 16, 2025
概括
淋巴结膜炎 (GN) 在拉丁美洲很常见,焦点细分淋巴结膜硬化 (FSGS) 是最常见的初级形式. 然而,低活检率表明病的诊断不足和错误分类.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 淋巴细胞炎 (GN) 包含脏疾病,其特点是淋巴细胞损伤,表现为蛋白尿,血,高血压和功能下降.
- 活检是GN的最终诊断工具,尽管其他诊断方法取得了进展.
- 全球GN患病率有所不同,拉丁美洲的发病率显著增加.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查拉丁美洲质炎 (GN) 和其亚型的流行情况.
- 为了分析不同GN类型的发生频率,用于活检的指示和诊断方法.
- 为了比较拉丁美洲的活检率与高收入国家的活检率.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行系统审查,搜索PubMed,Embase,Cochrane和SciELO数据库,查找2000年以后的观察性研究.
- 纳入标准侧重于报告拉丁美洲GN流行率和亚型的研究.
- 使用适用于横截面研究的纽卡斯尔-太华量表来评估研究质量.
主要成果:
- 35项研究,包括来自拉丁美洲的61,979项脏活检,符合纳入标准.
- 焦点细分细胞凝聚硬化 (FSGS) 和性炎分别是最常见的初级和二级细胞凝聚病.
- 脏综合征是脏活检的主要适应症;然而,关于eGFR,间歇性纤维化,管状缩和FSGS分类的数据有限. 拉丁美洲脏活检率明显低于高收入国家.
结论:
- 拉丁美洲的淋巴结膜炎流行病学是多样化的,FSGS是主要的初级GN,尽管关于初级FSGS (pFSGS) 的数据很少.
- 拉丁美洲的脏活检率较低和诊断资源有限可能导致质细胞疾病的诊断不足和错误分类.
- 在GN流行和亚型分布的区域差异凸显了该地区改善诊断基础设施和研究的需要.
相关概念视频
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
504
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
504
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
321
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
321
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction
501
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
501
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management
203
IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
203
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
271
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
271
Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
749
The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
749


