人类线粒体RNA聚合酶 (POLRMT) 转录暂停的核酸序列决定因素
An H Hsieh1, Tatiana V Mishanina1
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Biochemistry
|September 17, 2025
概括
研究人员确定了使线粒体RNA聚合酶 (POLRMT) 暂停的DNA序列,揭示了与其他RNAPs共享的暂停机制. 这一发现有助于理解线粒体基因表达和RNA折叠.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- RNA聚合酶 (RNAP) 活性对基因表达至关重要,并通过转录性暂停来调节.
- 暂停序列影响RNA折叠和共转录事件.
- 人类线粒体RNAP (POLRMT) 的暂停机制在很大程度上没有被描述.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别和描述人类线粒体RNAP (POLRMT) 的转录暂停点.
- 为了确定负责POLRMT暂停的核酸元素.
- 将POLRMT暂停机制与其他RNAPs进行比较.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种使用核酸支架的体外转录系统来研究POLRMT.
- 在人类线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 上确定了暂停点.
- 进行突变分析以确定影响POLRMT暂停的序列元素.
主要成果:
- 在人类mtDNA上确定了多个POLRMT转录暂停点.
- 确定了POLRMT的共识暂停动机:5'-R-10NNNNNNNGT-1G+1-3'.
- 在POLRMT暂停元素和 prokaryotic / eukaryotic RNAPs 的元素之间发现了显著的相似之处.
结论:
- POLRMT暂停受特定的核酸序列的影响.
- 识别的暂停动机为POLRMT监管提供了洞察力.
- 共享的暂停元素表明,尽管有结构上的差异,但在不同RNAP类型中保留了机制.
更多相关视频
10:49A Murine Cell Line Based Model of Chronic CDK9 Inhibition to Study Widespread Non-Genetic Transcriptional Elongation Defects TEdeff in Cancers
Published on: September 26, 2019
6.0K
12:35Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA
Published on: November 14, 2017
9.8K
相关概念视频
Transcription Elongation Factors
13.4K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
13.4K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
8.1K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
8.1K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
26.8K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
26.8K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
9.1K
9.1K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes
18.1K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.1K
Bacterial Transcription
35.7K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
35.7K
