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在非人类灵长类动物物种中,口腔病毒有效复制,并且在体内具有免疫刺激作用

Debra S Yee¹, Jonathan P Davies², Laura A VanBlargan²

¹Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Science advances

|September 17, 2025

概括

口腔口腔病毒 (OROV) 爆发是一个越来越令人担忧的问题. 这项研究表明,非人类灵长类动物是研究OROV感染的合适模型,有助于治疗和疫苗开发.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
免疫学免疫学免疫学
灵长类动物模型

背景情况:

耳鼻病毒 (OROV) 是一种新兴的树冠病毒,在南美洲引起疫情.
关于OROV的致病潜力和宿主免疫反应的知识有限.
对于OROV研究的动物模型仍未得到充分探索.

研究的目的:

在非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 模型中调查Oropouche病毒复制动力学.
在NHP中对OROV感染的先天性和适应性免疫反应的特征.
评估NHP物种作为OROV病原和干预开发模型的适用性.

主要方法:

多种非人类灵长类动物物种 (猪尾, rhesus, vervet非洲绿, sabeus非洲绿) 感染OROV.
在血和鼻腔抽样中监测病毒RNA.
分析先天性和适应性免疫反应,包括炎症,干扰素特征,B细胞扩张,抗体标位和T细胞频率.

主要成果:

在猪尾, rhesus macaques 和 vervet 非洲绿中有效复制了 OROV,在 sabeus 非洲绿中水平较低.
病毒RNA在血和鼻中被检测到.
感染引发了显著的先天性炎症,I型干扰素基因表达,IgM+B细胞扩张,高中和抗体标位和OROV特异性T细胞.
之前的感染给予了对再感染的保护,长达524天.

结论:

多种NHP物种作为研究Oropouche病毒感染的适当模型.
国民健康计划模型有助于开发OROV疗法和疫苗.
有证据表明,它诱导了对OROV感染的保护性免疫力.

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