用于具有广泛温度范围的高性能离子电池的弱溶解水合电解质
Yuzhao Xu1,2, Yixin Li1, Qi Zhang2
1Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 17, 2025
概括
研究人员开发了一种用于水性离子电池的新型电解质,可在各种温度下提高稳定性和性能. 这一突破解决了不均沉积和腐蚀等关键问题,为更安全,更具成本效益的储能铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 电化学
- 材料科学
- 能量储存
背景情况:
- 水性离子电池 (AIB) 具有高容量,安全性和低成本,但面临着不均沉积和腐蚀等挑战.
- 极端温度和高负载加剧了AIB电解质的稳定性问题.
研究的目的:
- 为AIB设计一个稳定的电解质,在广泛的温度范围内有效运行.
- 解决沉积,演变和AIB中阳极腐蚀的挑战.
主要方法:
- 使用 Al ((ClO4) 3·9H2O 和甲基碳酸盐 (MC) 在 1:4 的摩尔比率中制备了水合的解电解质.
- 研究了电解质的结构及其对沉积和固体电解质间相 (SEI) 形成的影响.
- 在各种温度下使用Al/Al对称电池和Al/polyaniline (PANI) 充满电池来评估电化学性能.
主要成果:
- 优化的电解质形成了缺水,弱溶解的结构 ([Al3+(MC) 2 ((H2O) 2 ((ClO4−) 2)) 促进同质的沉积/剥离.
- 形成了一个密集的,富含离子的SEI层,确保了长期的阳极稳定性.
- Al//Al电池在0.2 mA cm-2下稳定循环600小时;Al//PANI电池在1 A g-1下进行了1100个循环后保持了117.7 mAh g-1.
- 在-15°C和50°C之间观察到极好的循环稳定性.
结论:
- 开发的电解质显著提高了水性离子电池的稳定性和循环性能.
- 这种电解质设计为在苛刻条件和广泛的温度波动下运行的AIB提供了可行的解决方案.
- 这些发现为推进AIB大规模储能技术提供了有价值的设计原则.
相关概念视频
02:54Ions as Acids and Bases
26.2K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.2K
02:21Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions
71.1K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
71.1K
02:42Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration
17.5K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.5K
01:19Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria
2.5K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
In this solution, the primary...
2.5K
04:02Weak Acid Solutions
42.3K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
42.3K
01:16Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water
1.5K
Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
1.5K