沙特阿拉伯574个水库的沉积:使用遥感和侵蚀建模进行全国评估
Sonam S Dash1, Nikola Ivanović1, Raied Alharbi2
1Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of environmental management
|September 17, 2025
概括
水库沉积严重减少了沙特阿拉伯的储水量,估计容量损失了32%. 这项研究量化了全国的沉积影响,突出了对流域管理和可持续水设计的迫切需要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水文学的水文学
- 遥感 遥感 遥感 遥感
背景情况:
- 水库沉积是对水源安全的重大威胁,减少了储存能力和功能.
- 量化大规模沉积是具有挑战性的,但对于水资源管理至关重要.
- 沙特阿拉伯面临着水库沉积影响其供水的重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 为了在沙特阿拉伯进行第一个全国性的水库沉积的评估.
- 量化由于沉积而导致可用储存容量的减少.
- 评估流域管理的有效性和未来水源安全的可持续设计.
主要方法:
- 利用Landsat图像 (1986-2024) 分析了574个水库的长期水域扩展趋势.
- 使用修订后的普遍土壤损失方程 (RUSLE) 来估计沉积物产量和水库填充时间.
- 与基于RUSLE的沉积物估计相关的卫星衍生水域变化.
主要成果:
- 在488个水库中,平均每年水面面积下降1.5%,其中63%显示下降趋势.
- 在30%的水库中发现了水面的显著减少;26%的水库经历了严重的沉积积 (≥5年的水量可以忽略不计).
- 估计总可用的储存容量减少了32%,相当于大约177亿立方米.
结论:
- 沉积对沙特阿拉伯的水源安全构成重大威胁,大大降低了水库储存能力.
- 气候变化不是观察到的水域范围下降的主要驱动因素.
- 紧急实施流域管理,沉积物清除和可持续设计对于未来的水资源可持续性至关重要,特别是在计划扩建水的情况下.
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