身体活动干预措施对儿童早期基本运动技能和认知功能的影响:系统性审查和网络元分析
Shan Jiang1, Nan Zeng2, Johan Y Y Ng1
1Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
Journal of sport and health science
|September 17, 2025
概括
身体活动干预措施显著改善幼儿的基本运动技能 (FMS) 和认知功能 (CF). 针对FMS的程序和一般结构化的PA对整体FMS最有效,而exergaming对特定技能和工作记忆表现出希望.
科学领域:
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 身体活动 (PA) 干预措施显示了基本运动技能 (FMS) 和认知功能 (CF) 的健康益处.
- 在儿童早期增强FMS和CF的最有效的PA干预类型仍然不清楚.
- 这项研究旨在确定幼儿FMS和CF发育的最佳PA干预措施.
研究的目的:
- 确定各种PA干预措施对幼儿早期的FMS和CF的影响.
- 建立最佳类型的PA干预措施,以改善FMS和CF.
主要方法:
- 一个系统的审查和38个随机对照试验 (RCTs) 的网络元分析,涉及5237名儿童.
- 从创立到2024年3月17日,搜索了六个数据库,包括针对FMS和/或CF的PA干预措施的研究.
- 计算的效果大小 (Hedges g),使用SUCRA建立干预层次,并评估偏差风险.
主要成果:
- PA干预表明对FMS总量有很大的影响 (g=0.96) 和对CF的小到中等影响 (g=0.39).
- 针对FMS的计划 (SMD=1.55) 和一般结构的PA (GSPA,SMD=0.94) 显著改善了总的FMS.
- 在对象控制技能 (OCS) (SMD=2.38) 中,exergaming排名最高,并且对工作记忆有积极影响 (SMD=1.41).
结论:
- 在儿童早期加强FMS和CF时,PA干预至关重要.
- 针对FMS的计划和GSPA对于改善FMS总量是非常有效的.
- 实践游戏显示了改善OCS和工作记忆等认知功能的潜力.
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