在糖尿病中,HDL代谢和功能
Blake J Cochran1, Thomas W King1, Kevin Chemello1
1Cardiometabolic Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nature reviews. Endocrinology
|September 17, 2025
概括
高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 胆固醇显示出心脏保护作用,并改善2型糖尿病的血糖控制. 然而,糖尿病对HDL功能有负面影响,突出了需要进一步研究的复杂关系.
科学领域:
- 心血管科学 心血管科学
- 代谢性疾病研究研究
- 脂质代谢 脂质代谢是什么
背景情况:
- 流行病学研究表明,高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 胆固醇和心血管风险之间存在反向关系.
- 临床前研究表明,HDL在细胞和动物模型中具有心脏保护功能.
- 最近的高脂升高剂临床试验,尽管未能减少心血管事件,但在2型糖尿病患者中意外改善了血糖控制.
研究的目的:
- 审查HDL和阿波利波蛋白A1 (apoA1) 的抗糖尿病功能.
- 检查糖尿病对高密度胆固醇结构和功能的不良影响.
- 探索HDL和糖尿病之间的复杂相互作用.
主要方法:
- 对流行病学,临床前和临床试验数据的审查.
- 对研究HDL和apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) 与胰腺β细胞功能和胰岛素敏感性相关的研究的分析.
- 检查糖尿病如何影响HDL的结构和功能.
主要成果:
- 在细胞和动物研究中,HDL和apoA1通过改善胰腺β细胞功能和增强胰岛素敏感性来证明抗糖尿病特性.
- 糖尿病会对HDL的结构完整性和功能能力产生不利影响,包括HDL的抗糖尿病和心脏保护作用.
结论:
- 高密度胆固醇具有显著的抗糖尿病功能,与糖尿病对高密度胆固醇的负面影响形成鲜明对比.
- 高血脂和糖尿病之间的双向关系需要进一步研究潜在的治疗策略.
相关概念视频
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
3.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.2K
Carbohydrate Metabolism
13.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
13.8K
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism
3.3K
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
3.3K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
4.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
4.3K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
2.1K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
4.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.9K


