基于社区的环境干预措施,以预防青少年的酒精使用:系统审查
Matheus De Carlos Oliveira1, Marília Mendes-Sousa2, Luís Eduardo Soares-Santos1
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Drug and alcohol review
|September 18, 2025
概括
基于社区的环境战略,特别是监管战略,有效地预防青少年使用酒精. 将这些与社区动员相结合,提供了一个可持续的,整体的预防模式.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
背景情况:
- 青少年的酒精使用仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题.
- 环境预防战略旨在减少酒精的可用性和消费.
- 基于社区的方法越来越多地被认为具有潜在的影响.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查基于社区的青少年饮酒环境预防策略.
- 检查这些策略的特点和有效性.
- 确定实施中的挑战和最佳实践.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (MEDLINE/PubMed,Scopus,PsycINFO) 进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2024年12月.
- 包括针对21岁以下人群的随机或准实验性研究.
- 评估环境干预措施 (监管,物理,经济),重点关注酒精消费和饮用,使用RoB 2和ROBINS-I进行偏差评估.
主要成果:
- 监管策略最常见 (94%),其次是物理策略 (37%).
- 减少酒精的可用性 (62%) 和消费 (37%) 是主要结果.
- 虽然69%的研究报告了积极的影响,但异质性带来了可比性挑战. 在81%的研究中指出了社区动员.
结论:
- 环境干预措施,特别是监管干预措施,对于防止青少年使用酒精是有价值的.
- 通过将环境战略与社区动员相结合,提高了效率和可持续性.
- 结合环境修改和社区参与的多元组件模型为可持续结果提供了一个整体和可适应的框架.
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