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鱼类中的NOD类受体:进化,结构,免疫信号和水产养殖疫苗辅助剂的向

Banikalyan Swain¹, Kavi R Miryala¹

¹Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.

Frontiers in immunology

|September 18, 2025

概括

远鱼利用NOD类受体 (NLRs) 获得对病原体的天生的免疫力. 本综述详细介绍了鱼类NLR的演变,结构和功能,为水产养殖疾病防御和疫苗开发提供了洞察力.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
水生生物学水生生物学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

鱼拥有强大的天生的免疫系统,适应水生环境.
类似NOD的受体 (NLR) 是关键的细胞质模式识别受体,参与检测病原体和启动免疫反应.
了解鱼类NLR对于水产养殖疾病管理至关重要.

研究的目的:

提供鱼类NLR的综合概述,涵盖它们的演变,结构,信号通路和功能.
要突出关键的NLRs (NOD1,NOD2,NLRC3,NLRC5,NLRX1,NLRP1) 和它们在细菌,病毒和寄生虫感染中的作用.
探索NLRs作为水产养殖中的免疫性点的潜力.

主要方法:

对关于鱼类NLRs的现有文献进行综合审查.
对NLR域结构,3D形状和下游信号通路的分析.
讨论NLR亚家族的角色,炎症酶的形成,以及线粒体NLR的功能.

主要成果:

详细介绍了六个主要的NLR及其在免疫调节中的参与.
NLRs调节关键信号通路,例如NF-κB,AP-1和IRFs.
NLRs影响细胞因子的产生和抗原的呈现,影响宿主防御.

结论:

鱼类的NLR是天生的免疫的核心,检测各种威胁.
为了改进水产养殖疫苗和辅助剂,需要对NLR联体特异性和功能冗余进行进一步的研究.
基于NLR的免疫调节为加强鱼类抗病能力提供了一个有希望的途径.

关键词:

类似于NOD的受体 (NLRs)水产养殖疫苗开发工作鱼类中的宿主-病原体相互作用炎症体信号通路的信号通路模式识别受体 (PRRs) 是一种远距离鱼免疫力鱼的免疫力

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